Moving-picture film.



T. T. TUTTlE.

MOVING PICTURE FILM. APPLICATION nuzb no.3. 3914 Patented Apr. 9,1918.

WITH] ESSES *dww Haw/u A'I'I'ORN EY without mate the bindin UNITED STATES THOMAS T. TUTTLE, OF HAWLEY, PENNSYLVANIA.

movnve-rrc'rtmn FILM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 9, 1918.

Application filed December 8, 1914. Serial No. 875,243.

To all'wh om at may concern:

e it known that I, TnoMAs '11. TU'I'ILE, a

citizen of the United States, residin at Hawley, in the county of Wayne and tu e of Pennsylvania have invented a certain new and useful Moving-Picture Film, of which the following'is a specification.

My invention relates to protections for the edge of a motion picture film to prevent scratching, strengthen the edge a ainst wear and prevent the separation of tEe parts of the film when the body of the film is torn.

The purpose of my invention is to impregrial of which t e film is composed, thus using the film material as a binder or ce ment andincorporating each somewhat in the body of the other.

A further purpose of my invention is to so place a fabric edge binder that the threads run bias, or at an angle with the length of the strip, producing a truss effect and allowing the fabric' to stretching of the film.

Further purposes of my invention will appear in the specification and claims hereof.

I' have preferred to illustrate my invention by one form thereof which is practi cable, eflicient and inexpensive and which at the same time well illustrates the principles of my invention.

Figure 1 is a plan view of a section of film embodying my invention.

. Fig. 2 is a artial section o -the structure shown in ig. 1, taken upon line 2-2 thereof.

In moving picture work the film as constructed has been excessively worn because of the' direct wear upon the photographic v Various efforts have been made to avoid this by binding the edge but success, owing in part tothe objectionablecharacter of the material employed as a binder and in part to the means of attaching the binder to the film.

Since the films are for the most part madeof pyroxylin materials which are high] explosive, any stoppage ofthe film in ii of the lens of the projecting apparatus lea s to almost immediate fire, ordinarily accompanied by an explosion. My invention is designed to carry the film on, notwithstanding breakage or other cause of retention of the film. At the same time, I haver'nade the border of the film of a flexible and somewhat elastic material incorporated in the material with the mateyield slightly with,

body of the film and yielding longitudinally with the film both because of the elastic character of the threads, but because of the bias or angular relation of the threads to the length of the film.

I prefer to use the ordinary celluloid or other pyrox lin product film. It will be recognized t at gelatin and many other gelatinous materials than pyroxylin may be used.

In the drawings the material 5 of the film extends from side to side. Preferably, during the manufacture of the film, a border 6, most desirably of silk, linen or other cloth is attached to the film by the material of the film'itself. If applied during the manufacture of the film, the border is pressed into contact with the material of the film before the latter dries, causing thematerial to enter the interstices between the threads of the fabric and impregnate the ad'oining fabric.

Where the border is applied subsequent to the manufacture of the film, it is my purpose to soften the film by any suitable solvent and to press the fabric border into the film with Wellknown and need not be detailed here. i

For the commercial films as now usedthe so-ciilled cement for splicing films may be use In either ev enhit is my purpose to incorporate the materials of the film and border each within the other so intimately that the gelatinous or other materials of the film shall have the advantage of increased frictional tgrip between them in addition to the hold 0 t nant. t

I recognize that, for the invention the portion of t film which is pressedinto the the film border neednot be part of the initial strip which was formed into the film but may be built up upon the sidesof the etrip by adding material in liquid or nearly liquid form and of such similar character to that of the film as tobecome, in effect, a part of the body of. the film.

In order to'get the very best effect from this film border, it should be of such material as to provide interstices between the elements or, fiber ifiorming itsisurface, be

body of the EQUI'POSGS of my interstices of made of fibrous and atdeast sli htly absorbent material, and the fibers t emselves should extend at an angle to, the ion h of the film, as shown at 7, 8. These con V itions are present in various knitted, netted and woven fabrics, including some which are deliberately woven with diagonal threads, and may be obtained from fabrics of a great variety of forms by cutting the fabric in a direction known as bias.

The border is preferably. placed upon the film body before the apertures 9 are cut. Opposite sides of the border indicated at 10 and 11 may be joined about the edge as at 12 where both sides of the filmbody are to be protected. There is a distinct advantage in covering both sides where both of .the faces of the film are to make contact with reeling or feeding mechanism in thus protecting against scratching of the body'of the film as well as against scratching of thephotogra hic image coating. J

It will e evident that the film and border will be thoroughly incorporated into each other, whether the so tenmg of the surface of the film be effected ;after the film is made or be secured by taking the film before it has full dried. In either case there will be actua entry of the film material into the depressions of the fabric surface tween the fibers or where the fibers have b on relative! depressed by the law of formation of the abric.

In each case the protective border may be arranged or selected to yield longitudinally with the film at the same time that it supports against excessive stretch'and sets a mit to the permissive stretch .well within the safe range of elasticity of the film; so that the border will carry the film away: from the danger point in front of the lens in case of sticking or accidental breakage of the film.

Modifications of the construction and method invented by me .will occur to those familiar with the manufacture and use of such films, in view off'the disclosure. of princi les made by me herein, and I desire to inc ude within my fiinvention all such modifications and cbanghs as liewithin the range and scope of my invention.

Since some forms of film can be softened by application of-heattotheir surfaces as well as by chemical solvent such as alcohol or ether,'I desire to include the application 4 of heat asa solvent: consider the application of a solvent to the surface as within my invention notwithstanding that additional material is added at the same time, if the application so softens the surface of the body as to blend the added material into that of the bod and unite. them. In such a case I regard t e body as made up for effective purposes of the original material plus the added material, whether identical or similar, in so far as the added matter differs from more solvent. I

It will be evident that the film and border provided by my invention will have a higher actor of safety from every standpoint and a longer life than those vlackin the border even though the thickness of t e film body be reduced somewhat, and that this factor of safety as well as the security of attach- V ment of the border to the body is enhanced collodion or other photograp ic coating can be protected by the method and construction described and claimed by me and the border can be appli'dby softening the photographic coating (or, as is more likely to 00- cur, because of the extreme thinness of the photographic coating, by softening both) and proceeding as hereinbefore described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and to secure by Letters Patent v 1. In a device oftheeharacterfstated, an

elastic moving picture film body in combine tion with a ric border jthere'for having the threads of t& fabric placed at an angle to the direction of length ofthe film' body.

2. In a device of the character stated,,an elastic moving icture filmbody, in combination with a fa ric border therefor, havingthe fibers of the fabric placed at ah angle to the direction of length and widthof the film body and the material. ofthe body entering the-intersticesof the fabric and secured by adhesi on of the material of the body .to the fabric. f h f rnoiras GnorN. Comm, 

